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MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION HOW BUDOKAN WORK S Budokan exists as a constituted organisation since 1970 to promote the development of traditional Japanese Budo in the UK and Europe. See Lineage Budokan is responsible for the implementation of a teaching syllabus in the various Dojo or locations, where this syllabus is taught. Budokan confers the right of recognised and appointed instructors within each of these recognised Dojo to teach this syllabus as set down by David Passmore the Founder of Budokan UK. The disciplines taught are Aikido, Iaido, Karatedo and Zen - which means meditation. Prospective students come to us for a variety of reasons, and every one of them is encouraged to come to any of our dojo to meet us and see what we do. It is here at this introductory meeting, that a class can be observed and questions can be answered. We explain how we work, our fee structure, how gradings are conducted and introduce you to some of the students present, so that p rospective students can get a “feel” for how things are done. Budokan reserves the right to reject any membership application made to it and further to reserve the right to discipline any member for unacceptable behaviour, in any way it deems appropriate. We have been in existence in the UK for 52 years and have never refused an application. Anyone interested in joining Budokan is encouraged to come for a few classes of practice and training, before a decision is made to become a member. Clothing in the form of a Gi is available for these classes to those who wish to take advantage of this offer, prior to buying their own. See Equipment Classes Each class is taught in such a way, so as to appeal to both the beginner and advanced student alike. Duration Each class lasts around one and a half hours. Eating Please ensure that meals are not taken at least 2 hours before undertaking any training. Membership The full annual membership fee is £50.00 and is payable during the month of January every year. The annual membership fee or part thereof (if joining later in the year) is payable 1 month after commencing classes. Membership Entitlements Classes in Traditional Japanese Budo Events, Seminars and Workshops take place at various times and locations each year. Budokan teaching and philosophy Kyu and Dan Grading Accreditation Entitles members to be graded according to the training schedule laid down by Budokan and to receive certification accordingly. See Certification Monthly Learning Fees Training takes place in the Dojo. Learning takes place online in our Library. These fees are not based on attendance at the Dojo only - as just as much learning is taking place online now, which can be accessed at any time and this trend will continue into the future. The learning fee is therefore based on content provided for training in the Dojo, complemented by content available online, including text, audio, pictures and video, only to those who pay this fee, who will have automatic access to the Library by unique password only. These fees are due on the first day of each month, and are variable from year to year. All fees are paid initially by bank transfer and then by Monthly Standing Order or Direct Debit We pride ourselves in trying to provide the very best tuition for all of our members at all times. GRADINGS AND RECOGNITION Budokan confers its grades and ranks onto its exponents of Japanese Budo disciplines that it teaches, in much the same way as the Classical Bujutsu Menkyo system operated and still found in some Ryu in Japan today. Gradings do not take place as a form of a test on a given day. Budokan “gradings” take place each and every time a student comes to train in the dojo by peer review, where things like attitude, respect, loyalty, courtesy, diligence, compassion and attendance are all closely observed. Grades are awarded annually during the last Workshop of each year and when required at courses such as Workshops that take place throughout each year. Kyu Grades - Mudansha - All ranks below Black Belt are awarded verbally and result in the student being recognised for the progress made up to Dan Grade rank. All students start out wearing a white belt, then move up to green belt and on to brown belt in recognition of the progress being made. At the appropriate time the student will be invited to prepare for their Shodan or First Black Belt one year in advance of taking this grading. Students who have had previous experience in Budo may be asked to prepare for their Shodan or First Black Belt, if approved of by the Shihankai or Senior Dan Grade members or officers of the Dojo. In the first instance, the training schedule is applied to four elements. Zanshin – literally translated as “the observation of the opponent or situation before, during and after the execution of the technique”. Waza – the technical ability in the performance of technique. It is part of Zanshin and includes posture, stance, strength, stamina and flexibility. Aite no keiko – Partner Practice. The ability to function with a partner incorporating Zanshin and Waza. Koko no keiko – Individual Practice. The ability to express Zanshin and Waza on one’s own. In the second instance the grading considers the individual’s:- attendance record contribution to the dojo personal character Dan Grades - Yudansaha All eligible Kyu grade students are allowed to take their Black Belt Dan Grades by invitation only under the same peer review process. Budokan will only award its coveted Black Belt in Budo to those who have accomplished an advanced level in Karate, Aikido and Iaido. Budokan only provides certification for Dan Grades and these certificates are awarded once a year at the annual end of year Workshop, which takes place in early December. Black Belt or Shodan certified students will be invited to wear the hakama as part of their dojo apparel, which makes them instantly recognisable as a Dan Grade. Further guidelines for Dan Grade holders Dan means step. So holding a 1st Dan is simply the first step along the journey. It is the base camp and not the summit of the mountain of a lifetime dedication to training, so often depicted as just that in the West. In Japan, it is simply a step from nothing to something on the lowest rung of the Dan Grade ladder. In Japan you will need to have the rank of Godan - 5 Dan - before you are recognised as having devoted many years to training. Recommendation is based on years of training, skill prowess, accomplishments, dedication and service, teaching and instruction and excellence in personal character. SEE ACCREDITATION AND CERTIFICATION . It is important that all students have the correct clothing and equipment in order to practice traditional Japanese Budo safely. Budokan adopts a "No Gi - No Training" rule. You will need a white Gi to practise - see below. You will not be allowed to practice without one. For the first month of training Budokan can provide new members with a Gi to wear at no charge. Just let us know and we will arrange one for all new members without a Gi. After the first month, new members will be required to buy their own Gi. This equipment can be ordered through Budokan via Nine Circles - a UK based importer, who we recommend for all equipment for beginners and new students. We have a discount arrangement in place with them for our members. Please ask for further information. Click any of the three links below, to view the exact recommended items for all new members and beginners. CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT Aikido Gi - Intermediate 500g Sashiko Ori All these gi have been pre-shrunk - but on a hot wash and dryer - there is a little further shrinkage. Height Chart Feet/InchesCm Feet/InchesCm 5’ 2”1603 5’ 9”1805 5’ 4”1653.5 6’ 0”1855.5 5’ 55”1704 6’ 2”1906 5’ 7”1754.5 6’ 5”1956.5 Within the first three months all new members will need to buy a wooden sword (bokken) and staff (jo) for training purposes. Shiro Kashi White Oak Bokken 102cm Product Code Daito Includes Tsuba and Dome Shiro Kashi White Oak Jo Total length 127cm 2.5cm in diameter Product code – Jo Budokan is a member of the Nine Circles Giri discount scheme on mpst of their clothing and equipment. If you are a member of Budokan and wish to benefit from discounts on offer - just email us and we will send you our username and password. You can then buy direct. AFTER THE FIRST THREE YEARS MOST STUDENTS WILL WANT TO UPGRADE THEIR EQUIPMENT AND BUDOKAN WILL THEN RECOMMEND BUYING DIRECT FROM JAPAN FROM RELIABLE SOURCES KNOWN TO US.

ACCREDITATION This page will hold all of the information headings required for accreditation of Rank and Title. It is directed to the person or persons making the recommendation for an individual to receive a Dan Grade Rank such as a Dojo Leader or Chief Instructor. In the event that a Dojo Leader is being put forward for a Certificate of Rank, it will require the additional names of two referees acting in support of their recommendation. APPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATE OF GRADE PLEASE USE THESE HEADINGS FOR INFORMATION PROVIDED NAME OF RECOMMENDER GRADE AND TITLE DISCIPLINE (S) POSTAL ADDRESS EMAIL ADDRESS PHONE NUMBER NAME OF PROPOSED RECIPIENT OR CANDIDATE CURRENT GRADE DISCIPLINES (S) POSTAL ADDRESS EMAIL ADDRESS PHONE NUMBER TRAINING START DATE GRADING HISTORY GRADE DATES SHODAN NIDAN SANDAN YONDAN GODAN ROKUDAN CHICHIDAN HACHIDAN RECOMMENDATION PLEASE PROVIDE ALL OF THE REASONS FOR YOUR RECOMMENDATION Consideration is given to each of the following : - grading record as above, years of continuous training, technical skill prowess, accomplishments, dedication and service, attitude, teaching and instruction, heart, values and excellence in personal character. APPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATE OF TITLE FOR INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY RECOMMENDER WILL BE BUDOKAN IN ASSOCIATION WITH DOJO LEADERS NAME OF PROPOSED RECIPIENT OR CANDIDATE CURRENT TITLE DISCIPLINES (S) POSTAL ADDRESS EMAIL ADDRESS PHONE NUMBER TRAINING START DATE GRADING HISTORY GRADE DATES SHODAN NIDAN SANDAN YONDAN GODAN ROKUDAN CHICHIDAN HACHIDAN DOJO HISTORY TITLES AWARDED ACCOMPLISHMENTS RECOMMENDATION PLEASE PROVIDE ALL OF THE REASONS FOR YOUR RECOMMENDATION Titles are awarded to those who have made an outstanding personal contribution to the promotion and development of Traditional Japanese Budo, showing leadership in teaching and the maintenance of a high personal level of Budo skills over decades of continuous service.

BUDOKAN BLACK BELT REGISTER © 1960 - 2024 RICHARD SALMON RAY RYAN 1963* DUNLOP PAUL 1964* DERRICK WRIDGWAY 1965 FRANK VAN RENSBURG 1966* DAVID PASSMORE 1966 JOHN SINDEN 1966 STAN MAHER 1966 WHITEY POLLETT 1966* RONNIE MILLS 1966 WILLIE RIDDEX 1967* VICTOR SYKES 1967* JON WYATT 1967 MICHAEL GETAZ 1967 HERMAN VAN NIEKERK 1968 AUTREY WILKE 1968 LEO LIPINSKI 1968* THEO WOLMARANS 1968 HUGH SADLER 1968 RICKY MARCUS 1968 COLIN MATHESON 1968 BOB SIMMS 1968* STEVEN MANTHEE 1968 TREVOR WISHART 1968 DOUGGIE KNOX 1968* JONATHAN GEVISSER 1968 BILL SUTHERLAND 1968 JAN STEENKAMP 1968 DUP DUPLESSIS 1968 STAN HART 1969 HENRY WOLMARANS 1969 FRANK VAN NIEKERK 1969 BILL COLEMAN 1969 PAUL DE BEER 1969 CLIFF LOWRY-ROSS 1969* LOEK LATAGAN 1970 DON PEDDIE 1970 KELVIN FORDER 1970 MIKE HERSHOWITZ 1970 CORRIE SCHOEMAN 1970 FRIK WILLEMSE 1970 DAVE WILLIAMS 1970 FRITZ SCHREIBER 1970 KURT VAN DUYN 1970 GRAHAM MAXWELL 1970 PADDY CARSTENS 1970 NICK STAMATIS 1970 KEN LEE 1970 CLIFF LAWRIE-ROSS 1970* CAS PRETORIOUS 1971* LUZETTE HERBST 1971 TERRY BOSCH 1971 DAVE MILLAR 1972 LARRY GORGE 1972 TREVOR STEADMAN 1972 DAVID WILLS 1973 ROBER MAUVISE 1973 BRAD SHEPPHARD 1974 CRAIG JONES 1974 JOHAN COETZEE 1974 AMADEO NUNES 1974 GREG FORDER 1974 VIVIAN PLATT 1974 JAMIE NOOHAN 1975 BRIAN VAN DER MERWE 1975 BERYL BATTY 1976 TOY MARROT 1976 MARIO STEFANO 1976 MICHAEL BOND 1976* BRETT VAN ZYL 1976 JEAN CLAUDE LATTER 1976 SANDI GROOM 1976* JESSIE MOODLEY 1976 CHRIS ELLIS 1976 JEROME GUMEDE 1976 WILSON GCABA 1976 PAUL GLADMAN 1976 ANDRE LABOUCHARDIERE 1976 BRETT VAN ZYL 1976 MARION TINKLER 1976 ROCKY PRETORIOUS 1976 NEIL CRAFFORD 1976* HENNIE VAN DER MERWE 1976 * MICK MARTELL 1976 PAUL BUDDEN 1977 PETER BUSH 1977 HAMEED KAZEROONI 1977 ALAN HAIG 1977 ROY ESTABROOK 1977 ALAN DAVIES 1977 TONY HOPPER 1978 MARGARET ROGERS 1978 ROBERT ROHREY 1978 PETER MORLEY 1979 ROY MUSHENS 1979 MICHAEL SCHOFIELD 1977 ALLAN PERT 1979 ROBBIE ROWE 1979 MAHMOOD FAHKRO 1979 DEREK FLYNN 1979 GRANT PRETORIOUS 1979 HERBIE EDWARDS 1979* MALCOLM SEGAR 1979 JOHN STEENHUIZEN 1979 RAY STRODL 1979 CAROL STRODL 1979 JEAN RESCH 1980* PAUL SMITH 1980 DAVID WATERS 1980 KEITH WRIGHT 1980 PHIL NOKES 1980 JOHN HEGARTY 1980 SHANE COLEMAN 1981 JULIE TULLIS 1981* TONY GREEN 1982 SUSIE WALTERS 1982 KOBUS GROBLER 1982 IAN CARD 1982 * SUHAIL ISLAM 1982 JOHN HITCHENS 1982 GAIL COETZEE 1982 ARUN SUBBIAH 1982 DAVID STEWART 1983 CAROLYN FRANCIS 1983 KEN BROOKS 1983 ANDY COTTON 1983 DANIEL VAN VUUREN 1983 DAVID NEWMAN 1984 COBUS CALITZ 1984 MARK DALE 1984 BRIAN MAY 1984 COLIN THOMAS 1984 GORDON PARRISH 1984 STEPHEN HINDLE 1984 ANDY FOX 1985 CAROL LEVY 1985 * ROGER TYM 1985 PETER ROBINSON 1985 BOB ALLAN 1984* GARY SEGHERS 1985 DAVID ROGERS 1985 NICKI CHARNICK 1985 DALE PARRISH 1985 NEIL STARKS 1985 DIANE VAN VUUREN 1985 ROBIN FULLER 1986 ANDREW BROWN 1986 * MARK HINDLE 1986 ATTIE STONE 1986 JON FINCH 1988 LAWRENCE BROWN 1988 KEITH COETZEE 1989 SHAWN DANCER 1989 DAVE EDWARDS 1989 ANDREW HILL 1989 MICKY KLEB 1989 BURT MILLIGAN 1989 MICHAEL SPELLMAN 1990 ANNE RILEY 1991 BERYL BATTY 1991 KEITH BOSCH 1991 STEPHEN HARWOOD 1991 KELVIN DANIELS 1992 PAT MILLER 1992 TONY MCLAUGHLIN 1992 JAMES MATTHEWS 1992 PHILIP RYAN 1993 TREVOR HUGHES 1993 * HILARY CRUNDWELL 1993 PAUL MADIGAN 1993 DAVID MOTE 1994 KEITH TRIGWELL 1994 RICK WILSON 1994 ELIZABETH WRIGHT 1994 GARY DEACONS 1994 TOM FEENEY 1995 MARTIN ROSE 1995 PAUL LAZARUS 1995 ALAN LOCKHART 1996 PAUL HERMAN 1997 DAVID GOLDING 1998 WAYNE MORRIS 1998 KATHY KIRBY 1999 DARREN WAGHORNE 1999 IAN BATES 2001 JOHN LAWN 2003 ROBIN SALMON 2004 JOE BRACONE 2006 MARTIN MILNE SMITH 2006 LINDA BURNS 2007 TED WATTLESWORTH 2007 RICHARD COZENS 2008 MICHAEL CLAPHAM 2008 ROGER MILNE SMITH 2008 CLAIRE MILNE SMITH 2008 NICK SINGLETON 2009 ANDY ROBERTS 2009 DWINDAR NAR 2011 JAN CLAPHAM 2012 KEITH MOLYNEUX 2012 STEVE HEAD 2013 EAMON TOGHER 2013 TOBY MELLOWS 2013 ARTUR SIEPKA 2013 LAURENTIU SUTA 2013 ALEX BLUNT 2015 PAUL FLOYD 2015 RICHARD LILLINGTON 2015 TRACY HARPER 2016 PETER BENSON 2016 PAUL MINTO 2016 MARIE PETRELIS 2016 MARK JOSCELYNE 2017 BRIAN GOODALL 2017 IVOR HOBBINS 2018 ALISTAIR CARR 2018 CHRISTOPHER HYLTON 2019 WILL BUTCHER 2020 ARTUR BORCUCH 2021 JAMES BRYDEN 2022 © BUDOKAN BLACK BELT REGISTER 2023

BUDOKAN LINEAGE The Doshu, Ray Ryan, Teachers and Instructors of Budokan have been extraordinarily fortunate to have had access to some of the most technically competent Japanese and European teachers across many major disciplines for over six decades. All of them are proud to have had the privelige of training with these teachers whose own lineage stretches back to the Founders of these disciplines. With the deepest gratitude and humility we associate ourselves directly with them. KARATE THE INFUENCE OF THE FOUNDERS It was inteeresting to read the writings of Doshu when describing his visits to Japan with Ray Ryan and his time spent training with the "Old Masters of the different systems of the day, Tani, Fugiwara, Mas O'yama, Gogen Yamaguchi, Nakayama, Kase of JKA and many of other Senior Senseis and of course not forgetting my first great Sensei, Taniguchi Goju in Brazil". "I had the support and recognition of Tani 'Hanshi' head of Tani-ha Shukokai and Fugiwara 'Hanshi", who was head of the World Karate Union Teaching Department of Shukokai of Japan, OYAMA NAKAYAMA And those that followed... Kimura Kase Taniguchi Kanazawa. Gosen Yamaguchi Salmon Doshu Ryan MORIHEI UESHIBA Founder of Aikido SAITO SENSEI TAMURA SENSEI KISSHOMARU UESHIBA YAMAGUCHI SENSEI CHIBA SENSEI KANETSUKA SENSEI SEKIYA SENSEI ISHIDO SENSEI HIROI SENSEI A little history Shukokai (literally translated as "Way for All" or association of those who study together) was founded by Tani Chojiro in 1949. Sensei Tani started his formal Karate training under Miyagi Chojun, founder of Goju, whilst a student at Doshisha University, Kyoto. After some years, Miyagi Sensei returned to Okinawa and Sensei Kenwa Mabuni, founder of Shitoryu took over the teaching. In deference to his friend, whom he had assisted on his arrival in Japan, Mabuni Sensei only taught Naha-te at the university karate club. On graduation from university Sensei Tani followed Mabuni learning first the Shuri-te system and then ultimately the developing Shitoryu system. After many years of training under Mabuni as one of his most senior students, Sensei Tani received the certificate of succession, entitling him to use the name Tani-ha Shitoryu (the Tani sect of Shitoryu). In 1949 Sensei Tani, whilst still a high school teacher, founded his own school, which he called Shukokai. On the death of Mabuni Kenwa, in 1952, many of the senior students went their own way and at this time Tani Sensei adopted the name bestowed by Mabuni, Tani-ha Shitoryu - and with two other senior students, Fujiwara and Fujitani, began creating the world wide system, for which he is now so respected. Fujiwara Sensei died some years ago and Fujitani Sensei now heads his own organization called Myobukai.. Shukokai has been taught outside Japan mainly by three senior instructors, Kimura, Nanbu and Suzuki, between them assisting in the creation of a world wide recognition and respect for their style. Chief Technical Master of Shukokai was Shigeru Kimura, 8th Dan. Sensei Kimura commenced karate at the age of 16 under Sensei Tani. At 21 he won the All Japan Shito ryu Championship, and after winning that title for the second time in 1964, ceased participating in championship Karate to devote his life to developing the style of Karate now known and respected throughout the world as SHUKOKAI. At 34, Sensei Kimura was the youngest ever 7th Dan from an internationally recognized style and reached the rank of 8th Dan Hanshi (Master). The Legends YAMAGUCHI AIKIDO IAIDO JIGARO KANO Founder of Judo JUDO GICHIN FUNAKOSHI Founder of Shotokan CHOJIRO TANI Founder of Shukokai Ryu CHŌJUN MIYAGI Founder of Goju Ryu KENWA MABUNI Founder of Shito Ryu VIC COOK DAVID ANSELL YAMADA SENSEI

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1960 - 2021 JOE BRACONE 5th Dan Tenshinkan Karate, 3rd Dan Tenshinkan RyuKyu Kobujutsu joebracone@yahoo.com 07949713629 UK TENSHINKAN HISTORY AND LINEAGE BLACKRIDGE PRIMARY SCHOOL Main Street Bathgate West Lothian EH483RJ Wednesdays 1800-1900 hrs All groups COMBAT ZONE Bo'ness Recreation Centre Gauze Road, Bo'ness West Lothian EH51 9QB Every last Saturday, 1000-1200 hrs Advanced classes, check to confirm. BEGINNERS AND VISITORS WELCOME SEISHIN DOJO JOE BRACONE BIOGRAPHY Started studying Tenshinkan Karate in 2000 under the guidance of Hanshi Hans Haupt, Chief Liaison Officer for the Western World, in South Africa. In 2006, he participated to a 7 days international seminar in Hasuda-Shi (Japan) at the HQ of Tenshinkan Karate Federation, conducted by Kancho Mamoru Miwa. In 2006, he commenced studying kobujutsu with Ryukyu Kobujutsu Hozon Shinkokai (Eisuke Akamine branch) led by Sensei Marius Madgwick in Boksburg. In 2009, Hanshi Hans Haupt personally trained him on Ryukyu Kobubujutsu Hozon Shinkokai (Inoue Motokatsu branch) and continued training under his guidance and under the Tenshinkan Ryukyu Kobujutsu standards, new and more attractive syllabus. In 2009 he was appointed Tenshinkan Benoni Honbu Dojo Deputy Chief Instructor and taught Karate and kobujutsu until he left South Africa in 2014. He attended international seminars held by Kancho Mamoru Miwa in Denmark and South Africa in 2013 and 2016 respectively. He published a book Karate for over 40, its benefits, he took part to numerous regional, national and international championships placing himself in the top 3 places in kumite and kata. He is a keen adept of Goshin-Jutsu and developed self-defence training for non-martial artists and introduced disarmament of firearms in their training. He provided many free self-defence seminars. He graduated Tenshinkan Karate 5th dan in 2017 in Dundee UK and given the title of Shihan Dai, He joined Budokan 2021 and, while he is still teaching Kobudo and Karate, he is writing a book about the application of the various Sabaki concepts in Tenshinkan karate. In January 2023 he was invited to join the Budokan Shihankai, assuming the title of Shihan. On 25 June 2023 he was accredited with his Rokudan Karate by the Budokan Shihankai for certification later in the year. FURTHER TRAINING NOTES I have practiced martial arts as a very young man but never got into it until I have gotten bored with just pushing weights and other gym activities. I finally joined Tenshinkan Karate when I was 40 and never looked back. I was fortunate enough to learn karate and later kobujutsu from Hanshi Hans Haupt 9th Dan Karate and 4th Dan Ryukyu Kobujutsu Hozon Shinko Kai obtained with grand master Inoue Motokatsu and founder of Tenshinkan Ryukyu Kobujutsu). I left as South Africa Tenshinkan Honbu Dojo deputy Chief Instructor. I have gained national and provincial South African style colours for Kumite and Kata for many years and graded in Japan with Kancho Mamoru Miwa, Tenshinkan Karatedo Founder and avid Budo master. The disciplines I Teach: Tenshinkan Karate is an offshoot of Shotokan karate as was taught by Gichin Funakoshi. Master Gichin Funakoshi used to address Kancho Mamoru Miwa, then a young boy, “Tenshin” (the sincere one) hence the name of Tenshinkan. Tenshinkan Karate although retains very strong roots with Shotokan katas and stances it is a karate style focused on defense and attack with the inclusion of goshin-jutsu, self-defence, techniques such as grappling, joint locks and take downs. The style is very dynamic and effective, it is based and developed on different sabaki (evasion or avoidance) and multiple combination of footwork with blocking and striking techniques. Each grade or belt (Kyu) training and test is based on a syllabus that incorporates predefined karate and Goshin-jJtsu kata and techniques imparted through the application of specific training methods. Tenshinkan Ryukyu Kobujutsu was founded by Hanshi Hans Haupt to honour his Sensei. Both trained and graded with Ryukyu Kobujutsu Hozon Shinko Kai Master Inoue Motokatsu, who in turn had trained with the RKHSK founder Taira Shinken. For each belt (kyu), the student learns the kata and basics techniques of attack and defence of each weapon that make up the martial art syllabus such as: Bo (six foot staff), Nunchaku (similar to a flail), Tekko (similar to knuckle dusters), Tonfa (similar to police baton), Kama (similar to a sickle), Sai (similar to a 16th century parring dagger) and Katana (famous Samurai’s sword). This a picture of the entrance to my home Dojo.

Glossary: Teachers/Influences: NAKAYAMA HAKUDO Takazawa Toyoshi : former head of the Toyama Inn and former student of the Shin-Shintakuma Ryu Jujutsu school. He was a father figure to Hakudo. Saito Michinori : last known Shihan of Yamaguchi Ha Itto Ryu; he was Hakudo’s first sword instructor. Unfortunately little information on him survived. Hosoda Kenzo : Educator and influential sempai of Hakudo. Shindo Munen Ryu Kenjutsu Menkyo under Negishi Shingoro. Negishi Shingoro : 6th Generation Shihan of Shindo Munen Ryu Kenjutsu and Hakudo’s most influential teacher. Takano Sasaburo: Ono Ha Itto Ryu Kenjutsu Menkyo Kaiden, and a Hanshi in Kendo. He was one of Hakudo greatest sempai and confidants. Uchida Ryogoro : A contemporary of Shirashi Hanjiro. Ryogoro received Menkyo Kaiden in Haruyoshi Ha (Haruyoshi branch) of Shinto Muso Ryu and Ikkaku Ryu Torite from Hirano Kichizo Yoshinobu. He also received Menkyo Kaiden in Ono Ha Itto Ryu (from Ikuoka Heitaro), Hozoin Ryu (via the Takeda Family), and Kushin Ryu. He was the founder of Uchida Ryu Tanjojutsu. Takeda Kohachi : former Kuroda Clansmen, he was also a contemporary of Shirashi Hanjiro. He received Menkyo Kaiden in Haruyoshi branch of Shinto Muso Ryu. Kohachi died only a few years after Hakudo began training with him. Itagaki Taisuke : famous Japanese statesmen from Kochi: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itagaki_Taisuke Oe Masamichi : former Shihan of Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu and Muso Shinden Eishin Ryu, he was a former samurai of the Tosa/Yamauchi clan. Morimoto Tokumi : former samurai of the Tosa/Yamauchi clan. Tokumi received his Menkyo Kaiden in Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu from Goto Magobei Masasuke making him Oe Masamichi’s contemporary. Hosokawa Yoshimasa : former samurai of the Yamauchi clan. He was a Shihan of Muso Shinden Eishin Ryu and teacher of Hakudo. Noma Seiji :Kendo enthusiast and founder of Kodansha Publishing Ltd. He established Noma Dojo in 1925. Sasamori Junzo : educator and Hanshi in Kendo and Iaido. He received Menkyo Kaiden in Tsuguru Den and Yamashika Den (collectively together they made up Hirosaki Han Den) Ono Ha Itto Ryu, Muraku Ryu, Hirosaki Han Den Shinmuso Hayashizaki Ryu, and Chokugen Ryu. Kuroda Yasuji : famous swordsmen and Shihan of Kogagawa Kaishin Ryu, Tamiya Ryu, Shin-Shintakuma Daiken-Nichi Ryu, Tsubaki Kotengu Ryu, and Setama Oguri Ryu. He was an activist who fought for the right to practice Japanese martial arts while under American occupation. Kunii Zenya : former Maniwa Nen Ryu Shihan and revisor (disputed creator) of Kashima Shin Ryu. He was recruited by Sasamori Junzo to participate in a bout against an American soldier armed with a rifle and live bayonet. He won the match without killing the soldier. Junzo used this as evidence that weapon based martial arts were as much about preserving life as they were about taking it. The ban on martial arts in Japan was soon after lifted. Ryu-Ha or Schools Mentioned: Toyama Han Den Yamaguchi Ha Itto Ryu (): Founded by Yamaguchi Bokushinsai it was a synthesis of several styles. Most famously studied by Mugai Ryu founder Tsuji Gettan. It was a ryu or school that unfortunately fell into obscurity. Hakudo earned a Mokuroku in the style prior to leaving for Tokyo at eighteen. Upon receiving Menkyo, Inkyo in Shindo Munen Ryu Kenjutsu from Negishi Shingoro, Saito Michinori awarded Hakudo the Zukai Densho () the highest-level scroll in the school. The school died with Michinori. Shindo Munen Ryu (): Founded by Fukui Hyoemon Yoshihira was school of Kenjutsu and Iaijutsu. It became one of the most popular and wide spread martial arts schools in Japanese history. Shingoro and Hakudo’s particular version was Kanto Ha Shindo Munen Ryu: Ono Ha Itto Ryu (): Founded by Ono Tadaaki a student of legendary swordsmen Itto Ittosai, it was Ono’s version of Itto Ryu. The ryu or school was widely transmitted having countless branches all over Japan. The family line was transmitted through the ages until Yamaoka Tesshu received mastery of it. He then formed his Itto Shoden Muto Ryu, effectively ending the Ono family line. Hokushin Itto Ryu (): Founded by Chiba Shusaku Narimasa; Shusaku first learned Hokushin Muso ryu from his father and later Nakanishi Ha Itto Ryu from Asari Matashichiro Yoshinobu. He later combined the teachings by reducing the eight sets of Itto Ryu into three, while adding iaijutsu and later a naginata techniques. The style became one of the most popular styles in the country spreading across Japan. Suifu Ryu (): Founded by Tokugawa Nariaki; a synthesis of the three main sword arts of the Mito Clan (Mito Han Den): Shindo Munen Ryu, Hokushin Itto Ryu, and Togun Ryu. It was one of Nariaki’s most ambitious projects. Sasaki Masanobu was the last shihan of the system. He trained at the Tobukan along with Ozawa Jiro. After his death, Jiro attempted to resurrect the style, but failed. Shinto Muso Ryu (): Founded by Musō Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi; Gonnosuke integrated the spear, naginata, sword, and bo staff into a single versatile weapon. A Otome Ryu () of the Kuroda domain the art split into several factions. By the late Edo Period only two branches survived; the Haruyoshi and Jigyo. Both Uchida Ryogoro and Takeda Kohachi received Menkyo Kaiden in the Haruyoshi branch and taught their versions of Shinto Muso Ryu to the masses. Shirashi Hanjiro (another Kuroda retainer) received Menkyo Kaiden in the Haruyoshi branch and Mokuroku in the Jigyo branch. He later combined and re-codified the schools using the characters for divine (). His line was succeeded by Shimizu Takaji and under went even more revisions. Takaji’s Jodo() was passed to many individuals throughout the world. Uchida’s line unaffected by both Hanjiro and Takaji’s changes was passed on through his son Ryohei and student Nakayama Hakudo. Another line of the Haruyoshi branch survived though one of Hakudo’s students Matsuo Kenpu who received Menkyo Kaiden from Shirashi Tokugoro. Tosa Eishin Ryu (): is a collective reference to Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu/Muso Shinden Eishin Ryu as taught within the Yamauchi Domain. It was one of several Otome Ryu () of the Yamauchi Domain and as such meant exclusively for Yamauchi clansmen. Muso Shinden Eishin Ryu (): Founded by Hayashizaki Jinsuke Shigenobu and revised by Hasegawa Chikaranosuke Eishin. Shimomura Mōichi Sadamasa was licensed in Tosa Eishin Ryu by Yamakawa Kyūzō Yukikatsu. He (Mochi) was said to have devised several innovative changes in the school and passed them on to his students. Both Yoshimasa and (Oe) Masamichi received Menkyo Kaiden in the school and transmitted it to several people. Yoshimasa issued Menkyo Kaiden to Ueda Heitaro Chubu and Menkyo to Nakayama Hakudo. Ueda’s and a few other lines of Muso Shinden Eishin Ryu survive and are being taught today. Goto Ha Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu (): Founded by Hayashizaki Jinsuke Shigenobu and revised by Hasegawa Chikaranosuke Eishin. The style was transmitted throughout the years to Tanimura Kamenojō Takakatsu. Kamenojō passed Menkyo Kaiden onto several students including Gotō Magobei Masasuke. One of many shihan of Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu, his line became known as Goto Ha or Goto version. He had several talented students and issued Menkyo Kaiden to a few of them. Among those awarded were Oe Masamichi and Morimoto Tokumi. Toyama Ryu Gunto Soho (): was developed in 1925 was a military art devised for Japanese soldiers. It consisted of Kumitachi, Iaijutsu, Sojutsu (meant to represent a Bayonet), Happo Giri () or “Eight Methods of Cutting”, Shigeki () or Marksmanships, Tameshigiri () or “Test Cutting”, and Military Music (used for marching and cadence). Hayashizaki Hon Ryu (): Founded by Hayashizaki Jinsuke Shigenobu; it was a style passed down to Nakayama Hakudo via Hosokawa Yoshimasa. The only remaining teacher of the style is Ogawa Takeshi (current headmaster of the Yushinkan Dojo). Glossary of Terms: Shiai Geiko ()- lit: “Contest”, “practice”; it is used to express the idea of a sparing match. Kumitachi ()- lit: “Grouped swords”; is a type of paired form usually found in Japanese weapon arts. Gekiken ()- lit: “Conquering the Sword” or “Fencing“; it was the pre-cursor to modern Kendo. Often ryuor school specific, it was a practice that allowed swordsmen of particular schools to apply learned techniques or concepts in a relatively controlled environment. Unlike modern Kendo; it contained the use of several or multiple weapons, grappling, striking, and physical duress that brought students to a new level of endurance and understanding. Otome Ryu ()- lit: that “which flows but remains at home” was a ryu-ha or school that was either sponsored by or kept secret by a feudal clan. Densho ()- lit: “Written Teachings” are scrolls normally awarded to students of Japanese koryu or “Old Japanese Martial Arts”. Densho act as a both a text on martial arts and certification (having the names of the author, recipient, and date issued). Mokuroku ()- lit: “Catalog” is a type of scroll usually awarded to students after several years of dedication. The details differ from school to school, but a mokuroku consists of a (partial or complete) list of kata, fighting strategy, military strategy, esoteric or religious teachings, philosophy, or other facets of learning. Jun-Menkyo () lit: “Orderly License”; it is a scroll issued by several ryu or schools, usually prior to the Menkyo scroll. Menkyo ()- lit: “License/Permit”; differs from school to school, but is normally a scroll of high level awarded to those who have attained a profound level of skill or understanding in their respective school. Menkyo Kaiden ()- lit: License of Full-Transmission; it is a scroll that normally denotes that the receiver has attained a superior command or even mastery of their ryu or school. Inkyo ()- lit: “Certificate of Proficiency”; is a license given to those who have either finished their training or have been given permission to establish their own dojo. Inka ()- lit: “Certificate of Proficiency”; is a license given to those who have either finished their training or have been given permission to establish their own dojo. (Same as Inkyo) Shihan ()- lit: “Instructor”; is a term often misused today. A Shihan is a person who was fully licensed in their respective ryuor school and by the grace of their teachers, allowed to run or operate their own dojo or training hall. Soke ()- lit: “Head of Family”; it is a term that has been widely misused and misunderstood (especially within the last eighty years). Soke or Patriarch is the head of a family house hold. Japanese families were traditionally extremely hierarchical. Families following Confucian doctrine were divided into households based solely on ones age or importance in the family. The patriarch of the family (normally belonging to the highest house of the family) had the power to make final decisions on behalf of the entire family, issue or cut off financial support to lower households, or in extreme cases hamon () or excommunicate a family relative. It was a very powerful position. Though the principle has existed in Japanese martial systems for sometime, but it has became more or less exaggerated in the 20th and 21st century. It has become a way for a Shihan to consolidate power as well as preserve the integrity of his/her martial art. Hanshi ()- lit: “Instructor of Warriors”; it is an honorary title issued by a number of organizations in Japan. San-Dou-no-Hanshi (): was a honorary title given to those that received Hanshi in Kendo, Iaido, and Jodo from Nippon Butokukai or Zen Nippon Kendo Renmei (All Japan Kendo Federation). Dai Nippon Teikoku Kendo Kata ()- lit: “The Greater Kendo Kata of Imperial Japan” was the pre-cursor to the Nippon Kendo Kata (). Tenranjiai ()- lit: match [game] held while in the presence of the Emperor; a Tenranjiai is not just related to a martial art contest, but in any contest where the Emperor is watching. The martial art related Tenranjiai(s) occurred in 1895 and 1940. Nakayama Hakudo and Takano Sasaburo demonstrated at the Showa Tenranjiai () or the Tenranjiai of the Showa Emperor. Since that time the Tenranjiai have occurred in modern sports like baseball and more traditional sport like Sumo.

BUDOKAN MISOGI 7 DECEMBER 2024 LYMINGTON DOJO A Misogi is an ancient Japanese Shinto purification ritual that involves washing the body and is also a method for personal development and transformation. A traditional Misogi usually involved standing under a freezing waterfall to cleanse the mind and the body of the participants. Thankfully, the modern approach involves challenging oneself to do something difficult even if you are not guaranteed to succeed. The Misogi challenge is about doing something tough once a year that shapes how you will live the rest of your 364 days. On 7th December 2024 the members of Budokan UK came together to prepare for the coming year and to celebrate the life of Saisho Passmore by engaging in a Misogi which Sensei Mike designed together with the Shihonkai. Significantly the date was chosen by Saisho who had intended that this would be the Budokan year end event. At the opening of the Misogi Sensei Mike welcomed the attendees and family members and reminded us that although this was a somber occasion it was also a joyous one which provided the members the opportunity to salute Saisho’s achievements and to mourn his passing. What was most impressive was that the event was attended by twenty practitioners as well as other passed members who did not participate in the misogi. All who attended could only be impressed with the manner with which Mike attended to his management of the misogi. In preparation for the Misogi, Kyoshi Darren prepared the Kamidana which was much admired by all those who attended. Its central position on the dojo floor made this the focus of us all. To spiritually cleanse the dojo Kyoshi Darren performed two Iaido kata which Saisho would have been proud of. Sensei Mike reminded us that Saisho began each year with the test of a thousand cuts so naturally, after the cleansing kata, the Misogi started with that test. Doing a thousand cuts with a bokken is no mean feat and certainly challenged us all. Some of the senior citizens had to take a break during the exercise. Just watching the practitioners, you could see the concentration etched on their faces. One need only look at Pat Miller to see what I mean. At the end of the exercise, it was traditional to have the exhausted members hold their bokken on their arms stretched out. Saisho also used to bring along a very heavy bokken and, as was his practice, he would choose someone to hold the heavy bokken out in front of them (usually Keith) so it was great to see that sensei Mike keeping up that tradition and bestowing that honor on Keith again this time around. It was great to have Joe Braconi with us, he having travelled all the way from Edinburgh to attend. We look forward to having him regularly attend down in Lymington and he has promised to do so again later this year. After the thousand cuts Sensei Mike, Toby Mellows, Paul Floyd and James Bryden demonstrated one of Saisho’s kata for the members after which Sensei Mike demonstrate a Bunkai from the kata which the members practiced. Sensei Mike and Shihan Toby went on to demonstrate 3 Bunkai from the Kata, which they went on to work with all the students. We continued with a 20 minute Zazen which was very important to Saisho. (to come a couple of articles that This was published within the 4th edition of Hanshi Hamada's book Quintessence of Japanese Classical Martial Arts). It was with great pleasure that James Bryden was award his Nidan Certificate. James was the last student to be assessed by Saisho who determined that he qualified to be elevated to his second Dan grade. At the end of the misogi the Kamidana was dismantled and Saisho’s katana was handed back to Katy Passmore for safe keeping. She is a member of Budokan and serves on the Shihankai and will keep the katana. Part of the misogi ritual is the requirement that the dojo is again cleansed, and Kyoshi Darren very kindly performed the closing Iaido cleansing kata for us. This was a very moving ceremony and is followed by the spreading of salt around the dojo. The evening was concluded by a curry a great gathering at The Chequer’s in Lymington. Many story’s and laughter were shared by old and new members of the Budokan family. There are a few students that for unforeseen reasons were unable to attend the event but were keen to be there in spirit, Peter Robinson, Hilary Crundwell and Nicky Charnick. Let’s hope we will see you all in June! We will be holding A Flag Ceremony on June 21st 2025 – it is the flag that will be given to Saisho’s family from the DNBK. For more information email: Info@budokanworld.com Sensei Mike Clapham Kyoshi Darren Waghorne Pat Miller Keith Molyneux Kyoshi Peter Bush and Sensei Joe Bracone Richard Cozens, Steve Hill, James Bryden, Nick Singleton Sensei Mike and James Bryden Kyoshi Darren We were also very privileged to have several of the original members of Budokan in attendance. Pat Miller, and Roy Estabrook and Paul Smith. We were very privileged to have Saisho’s children in attendance. Duncan, Caroline and Tilly Passmore BUDOKAN MISOGI 7 DECEMBER 2024 LYMINGTON DOJO A Misogi is an ancient Japanese Shinto purification ritual that involves washing the body and is also a method for personal development and transformation. A traditional Misogi usually involved standing under a freezing waterfall to cleanse the mind and the body of the participants. Thankfully, the modern approach involves challenging oneself to do something difficult even if you are not guaranteed to succeed. The Misogi challenge is about doing something tough once a year that shapes how you will live the rest of your 364 days. On 7th December 2024 the members of Budokan UK came together to prepare for the coming year and to celebrate the life of Saisho Passmore by engaging in a Misogi which Sensei Mike designed together with the Shihonkai. Significantly the date was chosen by Saisho who had intended that this would be the Budokan year end event. At the opening of the Misogi Sensei Mike welcomed the attendees and family members and reminded us that although this was a somber occasion it was also a joyous one which provided the members the opportunity to salute Saisho’s achievements and to mourn his passing. What was most impressive was that the event was attended by twenty practitioners as well as other passed members who did not participate in the misogi. All who attended could only be impressed with the manner with which Mike attended to his management of the misogi. In preparation for the Misogi, Kyoshi Darren prepared the Kamidana which was much admired by all those who attended. Its central position on the dojo floor made this the focus of us all. To spiritually cleanse the dojo Kyoshi Darren performed two Iaido kata which Saisho would have been proud of. Sensei Mike reminded us that Saisho began each year with the test of a thousand cuts so naturally, after the cleansing kata, the Misogi started with that test. Doing a thousand cuts with a bokken is no mean feat and certainly challenged us all. Some of the senior citizens had to take a break during the exercise. Just watching the practitioners, you could see the concentration etched on their faces. One need only look at Pat Miller to see what I mean. At the end of the exercise, it was traditional to have the exhausted members hold their bokken on their arms stretched out. Saisho also used to bring along a very heavy bokken and, as was his practice, he would choose someone to hold the heavy bokken out in front of them (usually Keith) so it was great to see that sensei Mike keeping up that tradition and bestowing that honor on Keith again this time around. It was great to have Joe Braconi with us, he having travelled all the way from Edinburgh to attend. We look forward to having him regularly attend down in Lymington and he has promised to do so again later this year. After the thousand cuts Sensei Mike, Toby Mellows, Paul Floyd and James Bryden demonstrated one of Saisho’s kata for the members after which Sensei Mike demonstrate a Bunkai from the kata which the members practiced. Sensei Mike and Shihan Toby went on to demonstrate 3 Bunkai from the Kata, which they went on to work with all the students. We continued with a 20 minute Zazen which was very important to Saisho. (to come a couple of articles that This was published within the 4th edition of Hanshi Hamada's book Quintessence of Japanese Classical Martial Arts). It was with great pleasure that James Bryden was award his Nidan Certificate. James was the last student to be assessed by Saisho who determined that he qualified to be elevated to his second Dan grade. At the end of the misogi the Kamidana was dismantled and Saisho’s katana was handed back to Katy Passmore for safe keeping. She is a member of Budokan and serves on the Shihankai and will keep the katana. Part of the misogi ritual is the requirement that the dojo is again cleansed, and Kyoshi Darren very kindly performed the closing Iaido cleansing kata for us. This was a very moving ceremony and is followed by the spreading of salt around the dojo. The evening was concluded by a curry a great gathering at The Chequer’s in Lymington. Many story’s and laughter were shared by old and new members of the Budokan family. There are a few students that for unforeseen reasons were unable to attend the event but were keen to be there in spirit, Peter Robinson, Hilary Crundwell and Nicky Charnick. Let’s hope we will see you all in June! We will be holding A Flag Ceremony on June 21st 2025 – it is the flag that will be given to Saisho’s family from the DNBK. For more information email: Info@budokanworld.com Sensei Mike Clapham Kyoshi Darren Waghorne Pat Miller Keith Molyneux Kyoshi Peter Bush and Sensei Joe Bracone Richard Cozens, Steve Hill, James Bryden, Nick Singleton Sensei Mike and James Bryden Kyoshi Darren We were also very privileged to have several of the original members of Budokan in attendance. Pat Miller, and Roy Estabrook and Paul Smith. We were very privileged to have Saisho’s children in attendance. Duncan, Caroline and Tilly Passmore

www.budokanworld.com is the home of Budokan -The House of Martial Ways - a classical Japanese Budo organisation since 1960. BUDOKAN 1960 - 2026 STRONG IN HAND. KIND IN HEART. The classical budo, or "martial ways" are not combat systems like their forerunner, bujutsu, or "martial arts"; nor are they sports like modern judo, kendo, or karate. They are first and foremost spiritual disciplines, whose ultimate goal, achieved through the most rigorous mental and physical training, is self-realization in the tradition of Zen Buddhism . Donn F. Draeger Classical Budo We apologise for technical issues associated with the website and access to the website. We are now back up and running, and once again able to offer you this amazing resource. Katy Passmore Memorial Event We would like to invite you to the Memorial Event for Katy Passmore on April 25th between 14:00 and 16:30 at Pennington & Lymington Sports Centre. This is an opportunity for us all to pay our respects to Katy who was very much loved and respected by us all. This will be a celebration of her life and contribution to Budokan, and each of us personally in our lives. There will be 2 sessions, taken by Sensei Mike Clapham & Sensei David Ansell, plus a short period of Zazen. If you have a Bokken/Iaito and Meditation Stool/Zafu please bring them with you. As has become a tradition, there will be food and drinks after the proceedings in the Dojo, at The Chequers Inn. A Vegetarian Curry & Beef Chill-Con-Carne will be available for £11 per head. If you wish to attend the Training and/or the celebration at Chequers please let us know ASAP, so we can get an idea of numbers and organise accordingly. Obviously if you do not wish to have food, or attend the Dojo for the Session, you are most welcome to turn up at Chequers just for Drinks. We will all be very pleased to see you. If you could make payments to reserve your place to the following account: Budokan UK - 30-54-66 - 17906760 Mat fees will be £15, if you could reference your payment as KATY & either CHILLI or VEGGY for the food. If you have any questions please contact us at info@budokanworld.com . Pennington & Lymington Health & Leisure Centre North Street, Pennington, Lymington, SO41 8FZ The Chequers Inn Ridgeway Ln, Lower Woodside, Lymington SO41 8AH Katy Passmore In Memorandum It is with the utmost sadness that we announce the passing of Katy Passmore, on November 30th 2025. For the last few months Katy has been battling a illness, which led to complications with her treatment. She passed away peacefully at Oakhaven Hospice, in the company of her family. It goes without saying that Katy was much loved and highly respected, not only within Budokan, but by all who knew her in the wider community. She will be greatly missed. Katy's funeral will take place on Friday January 9th at 12:00 at St. Francis of Assisi Catholic Church, 11 Park Ln, Milford on Sea, Lymington SO41 0PT. Following the service, Katy will be buried with Hanshi at New Milton, Milford Road Cemetery BH25 6PN. All are invited. It was Katy's wish that people wear bright clothing. Any flowers you may wish to bring can be presented at the cemetery, cards of sympathy handed personally to family members. DAVID PETER PASSMORE 16.04.46 - 23.10.24 A very honourable time was had at the Flag Ceremony, with the help of Sensei Dave Ansell, Sensei Joe Bracone, Sensei Mike Clapham. Hanshi Passmore would have been delighted in the attention and due diligence that what shown by all. Please forgive the delay in the fuller write up of the very memorable day where laughter and some ters were shed. please watch this space. Please can it be noted that the next weekend seminar will be moved to the 27th September 2025. More information to follow. Please email us if you would like anymore information - info@budokanworld.co.uk Budokan Flag Ceremony on 21st June We wish to invite you to Budokan's Ceremony to celebrate, the honour of Hanshi David Passmore at 14:00pm. As many of you are aware, Hanshi has posthumously been honoured with the Hanshi title by the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK) and enshrined in their Martial Arts Hall of Fame. On April 30th a Flag Ceremony will be held in his honour in Kyoto Japan. We will be receiving the flag and presenting it to Hanshi’s family on the 21st June at Lymington Sports Centre. To mark this event we will be holding a Seminar featuring two guest Sensei affiliated with Budokan, as well as our own Lymington Sensei Mike Clapham. The event will comprise of Karate, Iaido and Kobudo, as well as the presentation of the the flag. There will be food and drinks at the Chequers Inn after the seminar, for a catch up with old faces. Mat fees are £15, Food at the Chequers is £10 for a Beef Chilli or Vegetarian Curry. Please choose one of the options and let us know. Please make payments to: Budokan UK - 30-54-66 - 17906760 Reference - Flag It would be fantastic to get a good turnout for this event, to celebrate the great honour the DBNK have bestowed upon Hanshi Passmore. It is also a perfect chance to try something new with two Sensei you may have not met before. Please bring Jo and Bokken/Iaito if you have them. Sensei David Ansell – Iaido Dave Ansell started Iaido and Kendo with Vic Cook of the British Kendo Association in 1976, 2 years before Sensei Passmore started iaido. Dave has been fortunate to have trained in Japan for many years and he tries to make annual visits to his teacher, Hanshi Ichimura of the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai. He has had the pleasure in demonstrating in the Butokuden, the foremost martial art hall in Japan, in the presence of members of the Japanese Royal family. Dave has had the honour of represented the United Kingdom at international events across America and Europe, including the 1st European Iaido Championships held in Sittard, Netherlands 1993. Currently, Dave holds the grade of Nandan in iaido with the title of Kyoshi and Yondan kendo with the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai. He was also a great friend to Hanshi Passmore. Sensei Joe Braconi – Kobudo Joe Braconi started studying Tenshinkan Karate in 2000 under the guidance of Hanshi Hans Haupt, Chief Liaison Officer for the Western World, in South Africa. In 2006, he participated to a 7 days international seminar in Hasuda-Shi (Japan) at the HQ of Tenshinkan Karate Federation, conducted by Kancho Mamoru Miwa. In 2006, he commenced studying kobujutsu with Ryukyu Kobujutsu Hozon Shinkokai (Eisuke Akamine branch) led by Sensei Marius Madgwick in Boksburg. In 2009, Hanshi Hans Haupt personally trained him on Ryukyu Kobubujutsu Hozon Shinkokai (Inoue Motokatsu branch) and continued training under his guidance and under the Tenshinkan Ryukyu Kobujutsu standards, new and more attractive syllabus. In 2009 he was appointed Tenshinkan Benoni Honbu Dojo Deputy Chief Instructor and taught Karate and kobujutsu until he left South Africa in 2014. He attended international seminars held by Kancho Mamoru Miwa in Denmark and South Africa in 2013 and 2016 respectively. He published a book Karate for over 40, its benefits, he took part to numerous regional, national and international championships placing himself in the top 3 places in kumite and kata. He is a keen adept of Goshin-Jutsu and developed self-defence training for non-martial artists and introduced disarmament of firearms in their training. He provided many free self-defence seminars. He graduated Tenshinkan Karate 5th dan in 2017 in Dundee UK and given the title of Shihan Dai, He joined Budokan 2021 and, while he is still teaching Kobudo and Karate, he is writing a book about the application of the various Sabaki concepts in Tenshinkan karate. In January 2023 he was invited to join the Budokan Shihankai, assuming the title of Shihan. On 25 June 2023 he was accredited with his Rokudan Karate by the Budokan Shihankai for certification later in the year. Please could you reply to this email to confirm your interest in attending. Further details will be published in the build up to June. for more information email: info@budokanworld.com Saturday 29th March 2024 Lymington Dojo Kyoshi Darren Waghorn and Sensei Mike Clapham shared the dojo . Both taught two one hour classes. Kyoshi Darren was teaching laido and Sensei Mike was teaching Aikido. Sensei Mike taught four nage waza techniques (projections) Kote Gaishi, Shihonage, Irimi nage and Kaiten Nage. We used the same six attacks for each Nage Waza. Aihamni, Gyakuhamni, Chudan Zuki, Tate Zuki Jodan, Shomen Uchi and Yokumen Uchi. Our focus was not on speed but correct technique such as good maai, ensuring the Uke is off balance, correct breathing and maintaining Zanchin. After the first hour Kyoshi and Sensei swapped students. Sensei second class welcomed back some former students. During this class was back to basics. We started with Ikkyo and then moved on to Kote Gaishi, for both techniques the attacks were Aihamni and Gyakuhamni. We began with Gono keiko (static practice) making sure the Tori was stepping off the line and then attacking the Uke's center whilst encouraging the Uke to blend with the Tori all of the techniques were practiced Omote and Ura. The main emphasis for both groups in the iaido training was the four building blocks of iai, namely nukitsuke, furikaburi & kirioroshi, chiburi and noto. Practicing these individually can only improve your iai so far. To take it up to the next level these need to be brought together in kata. For the first group this was done by practicing standing versions of the 1st four katas of Seitai iaido. Martial artist must be aware of the surrounding in combat but also in training. An interesting sight for the people watching as a wall was used during Uke Nagashi (the third kata of Seitai) to help the students learn the first part of the kata. The second group, consisting of more senior grades, utilised the first two katas, Yukitzure and Tsuredachi from the Okuden Tachi-waza from Muso Shinden Ryu to practice the building blocks. 2025 is upon us Despite 2024 being a difficult year for the club, we are moving forward in the spirit drilled into us by Saisho Passmore. We have several weekend, one day events planned. These are open to all current and former Budokan members who wish to attend. So dig out your Gi, dust off your weapons and join us on the mat. There will be the usual social gatherings at a local venue after each of the dates. Please keep an eye on the website for any updates, emails will be sent confirming dates and weapon requirements for each session. Saturday 29th March – Training Seminar June 21st – Flag Ceremony & Training with Guest Teachers, a Celebration of Saisho. Saturday 20th September – Training Seminar Saturday 6th December – Training, Gradings and Annual Budokan Christmas Do! There are weekly classes at Lymington Dojo with Sensei Mike Clapham Wednesday and Friday from 7.30pm to 8.30pm If you are interested please email with the address below. for more information email: info@budokanworld.com SENSEIS TIPS We have found that the Sensei's Tips section we launched a good while back now - where does the time go? using local dojo created quite a bit of interest. - So we thought we would post some existing content on various pages highlighted across the site in various locations for all to enjoy. And who better to start this section off, but our good friend of over 35 years now - Kyoshi David Ansell 7 Dan or Chichidan. He accompanied a Budokan team to kyoto in 2008 where we all took part in a World Butokusai staying in a beautiful hotel overlooking this magnificent city. Saisho and Kyoshi Ansell shared a room for 2 weeks and they are still friends to this day. As you will find elsewhere on this site David Ansell helped to host a traditional Open Japanese event with Budokan in Buxton 2011, which was a great success. Toby doing some solo Kata training in Lymington Dojo Toby and Keith doing some Kumitachi training JAPANESE BUDO RESEARCH We publish news stories, schoLarly articles and academic papers from Aikido to Zen in all things Traditional Japanese Budo, that we hope will be of interest to both teacher and student alike. All articles and papers will first appear here on the Homepage. After that they will be posted on the Budo Research page under the name of the discipline or context. When a single discipline reaches 12 or more articles or papers it will be given its own page. All papers are the responsibility of each individual author and do not necessarily reflect the views of budokanworld.com. Just click on any of the links below to read more. ZEN IS NOT BUDDHISM SHORT EVOLUTION OF JAPANESE MARTIAL ARTS ON THE PRINCIPLES OF AIKIDO INTERESTING FACTS ON HISTORY OF MARTIAL ARTS TRADITIONAL MARTIAL ARTS V MARTIAL SPORTS ANALYSIS OF KICKING TECHNIQUES IN KARATE PHILOSOPHY AND TOKUGAWA BUSHIDO SAISHO SENSEI'S TIPS ON SOME BASICS Basic Karate Blocking techniques and Deflections. A quick run through of some Aikido Basics Basic Karate Striking techniques Basic Aikido wristwork and handling the Bokken 12 BEST GENERAL BENEFITS OF MEDITATION Meditation has been shown to offer many benefits. Although it’s well known as a technique to reduce stress and anxiety, research shows that it may also help enhance your mood, promote healthy sleep patterns, and boost cognitive skills. Meditation is the habitual process of training your mind to focus and redirect your thoughts. The popularity of meditation is increasing as more people discover its many health benefits. You can use it to increase awareness of yourself and your surroundings. Many people think of it as a way to reduce stress and develop concentration. People also use the practice to develop other beneficial habits and feelings, such as a positive mood and outlook, self-discipline, healthy sleep patterns, and even increased pain tolerance. This article reviews 12 health benefits of meditation - ....read more... A JAPANESE GLOSSARY FOR KARATE STUDENTS First they published A Short History of Karate. Now Michael Cowie and Robert Dyson are soon to publish another little gem this year. Budokan has been given a glimpse of their work and you can too by clicking on the image below. And its not that little either! Enjoy. A LINEAGE ALL BUT FORGOTTEN The Yushinkan SHINSEI DOJO There are few martial artists in history who have been able to influence an entire generation of politicians, military personnel, police, educators, and civilians alike. Who’s student’s (if only for a day) talked about their experiences with him in detail nearly seventy years after his death. The first San-Dou-no-Hanshi in history. The “God of Kendo” ( Nakayama Hakudo.

Introducing my son Daniel to his first lesson. A LITTLE MARTIAL ARTS HISTORY The fierceness of the Japanese warrior and his fighting arts have fascinated Westerners since the West came into contact with THEM more than 450 years ago. However it was not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that Westerners actually started to practice any of the Japanese martial arts. JUJITSU was one of the first, perhaps even the very first-of these Arts to be taught in the West and it was not long before Kano Jigoro's new Art and Sport of JUDO begun rapidly to gain popularity in Japan and a number of JUJITSU practitioners, encouraged by their instructors, changed over to Kano's JUDO, which although based on older jujitsu schools basic methods was considered at the time a more "scientifically structured system". At the same time, other Western JUJITSU dojo's went their own way, incorporating Western ideas into their systems, and thus laying the foundations for some of the modern jujitsu styles seen today. Even some of the oldest dojo's in Europe were forced to change over to the more modern and popular judo, just to survive. This is what also happened to our Kodokwan dojo here in Zambia, which was formed in 1928. At the time of its formation it was the only dojo that practiced JUJITSU and then around the early 1940s our Kodokwan began to include formal judo practice in its dojo. The traditional SAMURAI JUJITSU schools of old taught not merely a defensive art, but the curricula comprised a very comprehensive range of tactics, equipping exponents to face a great variety of situations. This is in sharp contrast to the techniques used in modern day JUDO competitions, for example classical jujitsu techniques were not designed to score points, but to be effective for increasing one's chance of survival, allowing an opponent minimal opportunity to counterattack. The throws were applied in such a way that the combatant could break one or more limbs of an opponent before throwing him, usually after the opponent had been attacked with atemi or body strikes. When the opponent was flying through the air, he was suddenly jerked down in such a way that under optimal circumstances he would break his neck, or at least seriously injure his spine. There was no space for any mistake on the battle field when facing off an opponent engaged in COMBAT JUJITSU and there were no rules or prohibited techniques in battle. Samurai on the battle field engaged in "Yori Kumi-Uchi" [grappling] dressed in armor, required super-quick reflexes and the utmost self-confidence in their technique."Zanshin" was at its peak in this situation of survival, for even the slightest mistake, an off balanced posture or loss of concentration could result in death. Using Yori Kumi-Uchi was essential to effective grappling in armor, for through this the warrior developed the balance, leverage, and mobility with which both to preserve his position allowing him to then use Atemi or Kansetsu-waza to break a limb and throw his enemy to the ground, then draw his short blade and plunge it into his adversary. A special blade, "Yori-doshi", was worn on the right hip for this purpose. For obvious reasons these techniques are prohibited in the modern day sport of JUDO and even in modern JUJITSU. In JUDO, where the safety of one's partner in training or competition is a most important issue, throws such as "Ippon-seoi-nage"[one arm shoulder throw], are applied with the arm of Uke [recipient of the force) in the Junte position, for greater safety. An important characteristic of classical jujitsu is precisely that many throws are initiated with uke's arm in gyakute position . There are also some types of throws in CLASSICAL JUJITSU in which both of Uke's arms are locked in Gyakute position, making ot much more dangerous as it makes Ukemi, [defensive measures, like break-falling] more difficult, in fact when the techniques is executed correctly , ukemi becomes nearly impossible. Since the CLASSICAL MARTIAL ARTIST was not protected by rules in combat, he needed very thorough knowledge of escaping and using Ukemi to survive throws that were applied with the intention of maiming rather than scoring a point. However, one has to realize that when a throw is executed correctly, with the intention and speed to maim or even kill, Ukemi cam be very difficult. Therefore, if possible it was better to escape using many different techniques, just before being thrown, with some of these techniques being of a very extreme nature, even being prepared to sacrifice a hand or elbow or dislocate a shoulder, just to get away from being thrown, not like SPORT JUDO, where being thrown just means losing a point. Needless to say some JUJITAU RYUHA came to specialize in equipping exponents to escape throws just before the actions were initiated. In TRADITIONAL JUJITSU there was no such thing as a "prohibited move", Tactics that could be employed included were and are, - grappling (kumi) ,throw (nage), plus techniques for limiting the negative effect of a throw, restraint (osae), locking the joints(kansetsu-waza), chocking (shime- waza), attacking the vital points of the body (kyusho-waza), body strikes (atemi ), kicking (keri), thrusting (tsuki), and hitting (uchi)- I have had the honour and privilege of watching these Koryu-Ryha Sensei demonstrate their JUJITSU in Kyoto City , at the Kyoto-shi Koryu Bujitsu Enbukai [THE Kyoto City Traditional Martial Arts Demonstration Meeting), where various Koryu Bujitsu schools from all over Japan gather to demonstrate their skills. It is truly amazing to watch these old JUJITSU SENSEI throw each around, and doing ukemi on the hard pine wood floors, without Tatami mats! I even had the rare opportunity to train for a while under Sensei Arao 5th dan, of Tondabayashi, Osaka City, who at the time was over 60 years of age. SENSEI ARAO is a BUDO MASTER IN TOMIKI AIKIDO AND DAITO-RYU JUJITSU where he practiced at the Tennoji Aikikan in down town Osaka. Finally I would at this time like to also thank all the Sensei, Senpai and Kohai in Takatsuki-shi, Tondabayashi-shi Shimin Taiku-kan Budo Dojo in Osaka, for putting up with this "Zambian kara hen na no Gaijin" (strange foreigner from Zambia) for all those years. (c) Jonathan Kruger 22011 - Shihan Kodokwan Judo Jujitsu Zambia KODOKWAN DOJO ZAMBIA I started Judo and Jujitsu under my late father John Kruger 5th Dan Kodokwan Jujitsu and 2nd Judo IJF and Kancho Joe Grant Grierson 10th Dan Kodokwan Jujitsu and founder, Fr Jude McKenna 8th Dan Judo. And Hiromitsu Umino 2nd Dan Kodokan Judo and Toshinori Arao Sensei 5th Dan Aiki Jujitsu. I have been involved in Judo and Jujitsu for 35 years and spent seven years training in Osaka Japan while I worked there as a Christian missionary. I work with over a hundread students mainly from the underprivileged youth and orphans in our community here in Kitwe, Zambia Kodokwan Judo & Jujitsu Club On the banks of the Kafue River, Kitwe, Zambia PO BOX 22293, Kitwe, ZAMBIA. Africa. Jonathan Kruger, judojonathan1987@gmail.com Friar Jude McKenna 7th Dan with John Kruger 6th Dan The Kodokwan Judo Club girls Champions with Jonathan The entire club

OVERMATTER SUCH SAD NEWS ON HANSHI HANS HAUPT It is with great sadness that we hear of the passing of Hanshi Hans Haupt recently. He was a huge influence on Tenshinkan Karate in Japan and around the world and particularly Joe Bracone, with whom he is pictured here recently. Kindly go Seichin Dojo page for moro info. BUDOKAN GATHERING Top left clockwise to the right. Darren Waghorne 6 Dan receiving his Kyoshi Certificate of Title from David Passmore Sensei. Mike Clapham with part of his group on the day just finishing off Ananko. New Shodan James Bryden working on his stances during the Karate session. Toby Mellows at the beginning of the end of his Juji Nage with his friend and fellow Budokan colleague Keith Molyneux. The classical budo, or "martial ways" are not combat systems like their forerunner, bujutsu, or "martial arts"; nor are they sports like modern judo, kendo, or karate. They are first and foremost spiritual disciplines, whose ultimate goal, achieved through the most rigorous mental and physical training, is self-realization in the tradition of Zen Buddhism . Donn F. Draeger Classical Budo PRACTICAL MEDITATION WORKSHOP TRAINING THE TEACHERS Ptobably one of the most important workshops that Budokan has hosted in recent years took place in the Lymington Dojo recently. For over 50 years Budokan has taught and practice ZAZEN using the simple method of SHIKANTAZA or Just Sitting in a traditional Japanese Budo setting. It has proved to be of immense influence in self-discipline, improved attention span and the ability to concentrate for long periods of their Budo training, including their Zazen - or seated meditation. Budokan students - whether still active or not in their martial arts - nevertheless in the majority of cases continue to practice their meditation regularly as they have found the benefits of meditation (which are well known) help them to manage their emotions as they have grown older in this mad, mad world we are living in today. And this is why we are introducing an online programme to teach yourself Practical Meditation outside of the disciplined world of Japanese martial arts in your own home, with the backup and guidance of experienced long term adherents of meditation made up of the teachers and others attending the workshop. Each participant was provided with a 48 page bound document to take away with them to support their experiences on the day and to help them understand the content in context. Here are a few takeaways that have come in so far........ "For me one of the main takeaways of the Sunday session was, the importance of correct posture and the need to be aware of your posture during your meditation session and to self correct in order to keep a relaxed body to aid breathing correctly." Firstly, as it was a class in how to teach practical meditation, the step away from extending the breath beyond more than a few seconds was interesting, however on reflection unsurprising. It has been many years since this was the focus of my practice and settling on a comfortable rhythm is certainly the key. It feels very personal and I like how you have managed to give it quite a beautiful flow through your thoughts. I think you have put a lot of thought into how the content is constructed and what you have chosen to say and leave implied. It's as simple as breathing, or, it should be! So, "how hard can it be?" We all breath sub-consciously but when we start to think about it things go awry. Getting back to the basics of simply just sitting and breathing was the aim. STRONG IN HAND. KIND IN HEART. Within Budokan our mantra is "Strong in Hand. Kind in Heart." (Kokoro ni Tsuyoi te) and was formulated by Budokan SA many moons ago. But what does this mean to you? For some time, this has occupied my mind quite a bit. So, here goes. "Strong in Hand. Kind in Heart" is a phrase that implies having a powerful, confident demeanour or ability to handle challenging situations while also maintaining a compassionate and empathetic nature towards others. This expression suggests that someone possesses both physical or mental strength, as well as a gentle and generous disposition. It reflects the idea of being able to handle responsibilities and difficult circumstances with determination and effectiveness, while treating others with kindness, understanding, and empathy . Comparing my thoughts on the subject to a few major, main line Japanese martial arts we will see a similar theme. For this I have chosen Aikido (AikiKai Foundation / International Aikido federation), Kendo (All-Japan Kendo Federation), Iaido (All-Japan Kendo Federation), Jodo (All-Japan Kendo Federation), Naginata (All-Japan Naginata Federation), and Shotokan Karate (Japanese Karate Association). Iaido (All-Japan Kendo Federation) It is a "Way" in which practitioners seek to train the mind and body through developing a spiritual appreciation of the relationship between life and death, movement, and stillness. Kendo (All-Japan Kendo Federation) The concept of kendo The concept of kendo is to discipline the human character through the application of the principles of the katana (sword) (Koken-Chiai) (KO = associate, KEN = swordsmanship, CHI = wisdom/knowledge, AI = means to love/care for) I have also heard Koken-Chiai meaning "through practicing swordsmanship with others we achieve the wisdom of understanding humanity". The purpose of practicing kendo To mold the mind and body. To cultivate a vigorous spirit, and through correct and rigid training, to strive for improvement in the art of kendo. To hold in esteem human courtesy and honour, to associate with others and sincerity, and to forever pursue the cultivation of oneself. This will make one be able: to love his/her country and society, to contribute to the development of culture, and to promote peace and prosperity among all peoples. Naginata (All-Japan Naginata Federation) To introduce ways of enriching peoples', live through the training and perseverance required in practice and developing manners, commitment, and a will to live in the individual. Training in naginata also develops honesty, integrity, and a sense of what is right. Jodo (All-Japan Kendo Federation) Learning and studying Jodo is in effect training your mind and body. What one learns is not only dexterity of movement, but also development of the spirit. The benefits derived from training are obvious, but the main ones thought to be of the greatest value are: (1) Develop Courtesy, Truthfulness, Sincerity, and Patience. (2) Through regular practice, the body becomes stronger and more active. (3) Through practicing the techniques, posture becomes improved. (4) You gain confidence and have a better sense of judgment in everyday life. (5) Overall, you will have better relationships with others. Aikido (AikiKai Foundation / International Aikido federation) The goal of Aikido training is not perfection of a step or skill, but rather improving one's character according to the rules of nature. Shotokan (Japanese Karate Association) The dojo kun is a five-point statement of principle for the Karate practitioner's conduct: (Jinkaku kansei ni tsutomuru koto) Seek perfection of character. (Makoto no michi o mamoru koto) Be sincere. (Doryoku no seishin o yashinau koto) Put maximum effort into everything you do. (Reigi o omonzuru koto) Respect others. (Kekki no yuu o imashimuru koto) Develop self-control. To summarise "Strong in Hand. Kind in Heart. " , to me means the notion of having a balanced nature that combines strength, resilience, and assertiveness with compassion, empathy, and benevolence towards others. Darren Waghorne Seasons Greetings Taijiquan, Kanazawa and Zen An interesting article on the relationship between all three by Dr. Wolfgang Herbert, Professor of Comparative Cultural Studies at the University of Tokushima, 5th Dan Shôtôkan Karate, Licenced teacher (Japan Wushu Taijiquan Federation) of Yang-style Taijiquan. OUR FIRST EVER UK FEMALE BLACK BELT SANDI GROOM pictured here with her three children was a wonderful Mum and the very first female to be awarded her Budokan Black Belt by Ray Ryan at a weekend workshop in Pembrokeshire in 1976. Read some memories from her son Lee here courtesy of Dave Wills, our first male Black Belt way back then. SO ITS NEVER TOO LATE TO SEND US YOUR MEMORIES OF YOUR BUDOKAN BLACK BELTS WHO HAVE PASSED AWAY. PLEASE HELP US REMEMBER THEM. This workshop is also always devoted to taking an in-depth fresh look at the building blocks of our disciplines. This year the theme was Kokyu Nagare - meaning slow breath flow in time to slow or medium movement in a totally relaxed physical and mental way. So the Iaido group were given a close up of “knowing your sword” with all the primary names of each of the parts considered important. Nest up they were given a simple move that required them to perform each of the four building blocks of Iaido - Nukitsuke - Kerioroshi - Chiburi and Noto all in one slow with breathing move. And this was followed by an in-depth look into each one of the four basics of Iaido eventually allowing medium and fast movement to concede with medium and fast breathing. After going through the kata as a whole, the karate group had four sequences of Ananko selected for them which they went through slowly concentrating on sound stances and tsugi ashi - the feet movements mostly found in Sanchin Kata. The out of these four sequences just 2 techniques were chosen for a close up of them in total coordination and timing of breath, movement and stillness. The Aikido group were probably in the best place for this theme to be able to learn to synchonise movement and breathing of two people into one. It is taught primarily to students of the correct skill levels to learn to “copy & ride” the responses of their attack as a prelude to the practise of kaeshi waza - or counter attack knowing this can only be achieved using total muscular relaxation along with the creative imagination of knowing the required route to take to be able to apply kaeshi waza with little physical exertion required. It is this type of precise that illustrates that real power is an expression of soft breathing that allows the pure muscular relaxation required to bring the flow of energy to powerful fruition. After long hours of training it suddenly just happens one day and the most prominent question that follows is “Did I just do That?”. And you can train the brain body synthesis into doing just that more often as progress in this area takes place. The only thing that will prevent it happening is if there is a reversion to a default position of using muscular power once again. 50% OF UK ADULTS SEE MENTAL HEALTH BENEFITS IN MEDITATION This finding is not new and reveals that people are prepared to use techniques found in meditation and mindfulness to assist them in cases of mild depression and anxiety. And we at Budokan applaud that. However, we see pictures on the right all over the place online encouraging people to try it out. And this posture does not look comfortable at all and comfort is key. It doesn't matter whether you are sitting on a cushion on a floor, on the edge of a seat, your bed, or kneeling on a stool. Your knees need to be below the line of your pelvis - to an angle of 5º/10º depending on your height, which as you can see from the diagram rotates your pelvis forward slightly. This makes the lower lumbar vertebrae a little more concave and the muscles of your lower back a little softer. Which allows you to raise your rib cage in a gentle upswing, making the lower lumbar even more concave. Without moving your shoulders, extend the head slightly forward and then backward until a gentle stop is reached with a natural lowering of the chin. Your thighs should not be at 90º to the upright body or above.